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Adherence to the Low-Fat Diet Pattern Reduces the Risk of Lung Cancer in American Adults Aged 55 Years and Above: A Prospective Cohort Study

Principal Investigator
Name
Linglong Peng
Degrees
Ph.D.
Institution
The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Position Title
Dr.
Email
About this CDAS Project
Study
PLCO (Learn more about this study)
Project ID
PLCO-1399
Initial CDAS Request Approval
Dec 4, 2023
Title
Adherence to the Low-Fat Diet Pattern Reduces the Risk of Lung Cancer in American Adults Aged 55 Years and Above: A Prospective Cohort Study
Summary
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, with over 2 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths reported in 2020(1). A low-fat diet (LFD) limits total fat intake to reduce calories and prevent chronic diseases(2). A novel LFD score was developed based on percentage of calories from fat, protein, and carbohydrates, with higher scores indicating greater LFD adherence(3). Our previous study using this LFD score found a 55% lower liver cancer risk in the highest versus lowest LFD score quartile(4). However, the direct association between a low-fat dietary pattern as a whole and lung cancer risk has not yet been explored. To bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted this prospective study using data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial.

1. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2021;71(3):209-49. doi:10.3322/caac.21660
2. Prentice RL, Aragaki AK, Howard BV, Chlebowski RT, Thomson CA, Van Horn L, et al. Low-Fat Dietary Pattern among Postmenopausal Women Influences Long-Term Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes Outcomes. J Nutr. 2019;149(9):1565-74. doi:10.1093/jn/nxz107
3. Shan Z, Guo Y, Hu FB, Liu L, Qi Q. Association of Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets With Mortality Among US Adults. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180(4):513-23. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.6980
4. Peng L, Xiang L, Xu Z, Gu H, Zhu Z, Tang Y, et al. Association between low-fat diet and liver cancer risk in 98,455 participants: Results from a prospective study. Front Nutr. 2022;9:1013643. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1013643
Aims

To investigate whether adherence to the Low-fat diet is associated with lung cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial.

Collaborators

Linglong Peng 1, #, Ling Xiang 2, #, Haitao Gu 1, Haoyun Luo 1, Zhiquan Xu 1, Hongmei He 1, Boning Xia 1, Zhihang Zhou 3, Shiwen Tong 2, *, Yaxu Wang 1, *, Xiaodong Zhao 4, *
1 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
2 Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
3 Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
4 Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.