DII/E-DII Scores
Principal Investigator
Name
James Hébert
Degrees
MSPH, ScD
Institution
University of South Carolina
Position Title
Health Sciences Distinguished Professor/Director Cancer Prevention and Control Program
Email
About this CDAS Project
Study
PLCO
(Learn more about this study)
Project ID
PLCO-1326
Initial CDAS Request Approval
Oct 3, 2023
Title
DII/E-DII Scores
Summary
Evidence shows that diet is the most important determinant of inflammation. Inflammation is the most important substrate for mechanisms that cause most disability and pain and determine the vast majority of chronic diseases.
Given then-available evidence linking diet to inflammatory processes, we developed and validated the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) in 2014 to assess the overall inflammatory potential of diet. 1 Briefly, an extensive literature search was performed to obtain peer-reviewed journal articles that examined the association between dietary factors and six inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNFα, and CRP). Scores were derived for 45 parameters and standardized to a representative global diet database representing 11 populations in different parts of the world. Overall DII scores for each individual represent the sum of each of the DII components in relation to the comparison database. The DII score characterizes an individual’s diet on a continuum from maximally anti-inflammatory to maximally pro-inflammatory. The energy-adjusted DII (E-DIITM) 2 is a refinement that is now used in 3/4 of all papers.
After the initial validation using the longitudinal SEASONS data,3 the DII, E-DII or children’s DII (C-DII) have been construct validated against inflammatory biomarkers in 49 different populations.4-51 This includes, as markers, hs-CRP, IL-4, 6, 8 and 10, TNF-a, calprotectin, fibrinogen, homocysteine, interferon-g, and WNT signaling. One report, from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study, showed that the DII was related to 14 biomarkers of inflammation, including 5 components of the kyurenine pathway. 42 One examined single nucleotide polymorphisms located in genes thought to be important in inflammation-associated CRC: i.e., interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR). 31 In addition to these primary research papers, there also has been one meta-analysis on this subject. 52 Underlining the wide acceptance of the DII/E-DII, there are now (September 7, 2023) over 1000 peer-reviewed publications based on the DII. According to Clarivate Web of Science, these have been cited more than 18,000 times.
Given our previous experience with many different studies, including the Women’s Health Initiative in the Multiethnic Cohort Study, our current objective is to calculate and provide DII and E-DII scores based on the dietary data from the PLCO trial. These scores will be available for those interested in research related to the dietary inflammatory index scores from the PLCO data. These scores will be provided with permission from CDAS with the understanding that the team at the University of South Carolina will be involved as collaborators and authors on the resulting publications.
Given then-available evidence linking diet to inflammatory processes, we developed and validated the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) in 2014 to assess the overall inflammatory potential of diet. 1 Briefly, an extensive literature search was performed to obtain peer-reviewed journal articles that examined the association between dietary factors and six inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNFα, and CRP). Scores were derived for 45 parameters and standardized to a representative global diet database representing 11 populations in different parts of the world. Overall DII scores for each individual represent the sum of each of the DII components in relation to the comparison database. The DII score characterizes an individual’s diet on a continuum from maximally anti-inflammatory to maximally pro-inflammatory. The energy-adjusted DII (E-DIITM) 2 is a refinement that is now used in 3/4 of all papers.
After the initial validation using the longitudinal SEASONS data,3 the DII, E-DII or children’s DII (C-DII) have been construct validated against inflammatory biomarkers in 49 different populations.4-51 This includes, as markers, hs-CRP, IL-4, 6, 8 and 10, TNF-a, calprotectin, fibrinogen, homocysteine, interferon-g, and WNT signaling. One report, from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study, showed that the DII was related to 14 biomarkers of inflammation, including 5 components of the kyurenine pathway. 42 One examined single nucleotide polymorphisms located in genes thought to be important in inflammation-associated CRC: i.e., interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR). 31 In addition to these primary research papers, there also has been one meta-analysis on this subject. 52 Underlining the wide acceptance of the DII/E-DII, there are now (September 7, 2023) over 1000 peer-reviewed publications based on the DII. According to Clarivate Web of Science, these have been cited more than 18,000 times.
Given our previous experience with many different studies, including the Women’s Health Initiative in the Multiethnic Cohort Study, our current objective is to calculate and provide DII and E-DII scores based on the dietary data from the PLCO trial. These scores will be available for those interested in research related to the dietary inflammatory index scores from the PLCO data. These scores will be provided with permission from CDAS with the understanding that the team at the University of South Carolina will be involved as collaborators and authors on the resulting publications.
Aims
• Calculate the DII/E-DII scores based on the PLCO dietary data
• Develop a protocol where outside research groups can request and access these scores for their research interests
• Engage meaningfully in analyses of the PLCO data and interpretation in writing up of results
Collaborators
James Hébert, Michael Wirth, Sherry Price, Penias Tembo