Study
PLCO
(Learn more about this study)
Project ID
PLCO-1157
Initial CDAS Request Approval
Feb 8, 2023
Title
Other cancer incidence in PLCO
Summary
Absolute cancer incidence rates are routinely reported by population-based cancer registries, but registries lack information on patient risk factors such as smoking, family history of cancer, and comorbidities. Conversely, epidemiological and clinical trial cohorts, which collect detailed patient risk factor data, generally do not report absolute cancer incidence rates; instead, they tend to focus on relative risks of cancer associated with various risk factors. Absolute cancer incidence rates are helpful for understanding the burden of cancer in population subgroups and determining potentially appropriate eligible groups for enhanced cancer screening. In addition, information on the incidence of cancers other than the screened cancers (i.e., cancers other than prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian in PLCO) is useful for characterizing the total burden of cancer in screened populations, and evaluating how screening for one cancer may indirectly lead to detection of other cancers. Therefore, we propose to calculate absolute and relative incidence rates of all major non-PLCO cancers by categories of lifestyle and environmental risk factors in the PLCO population, and to compare them with rates in American Cancer Society observational cohorts (please see
https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cncr.34396 for reference) and the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST; please see CDAS Project Number NLST-995).
Aims
- Aim 1: Estimate five-year absolute risks of incident cancer at all sites combined (with or without including prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian) and at major cancer sites by categories of lifestyle and environmental risk factors
- Aim 2: Estimate hazard ratios for relative risk of incident cancer at all sites combined and at major cancer sites by categories of lifestyle and environmental risk factors
- Aim 3: Qualitatively compare results among PLCO, ACS CPS-II Nutrition, and ACS CPS-III (three relatively healthy volunteer cohorts), as well as the NLST (a high-risk smoker cohort), to identify differences in absolute and relative risks by lifestyle and environmental risk factors
- Aim 4: Model the reduction of cancer-specific mortality and the reduction of late-stage (stage IV and/or stages III/IV) incidence of first cancers in the intervention vs. control arms, accounting for patient and disease characteristics
Collaborators
Ellen Chang, GRAIL
Christina Clarke Dur, GRAIL
Earl Hubbell, GRAIL
Diana Buist, GRAIL
