Genome-wide scan of everyone possible for Etiologic, Prevention, and Clinical Outcome Research
With declining genotyping costs, we are now able to efficiently genotype the entire cohort of participants without a recent genome-wide scan (n~85,000) on the new Illumina Global Screening Array (GSA) chip. The resulting dataset (n~110,000 participants with harmonized and imputed GWAS data) will accelerate research in PLCO as all bona fide investigators will have access to the genotyping results, enabling them to pursue diverse scientific hypotheses. The genotyped data will only become more valuable overtime, as disease endpoints increase with continued follow-up and researchers from the scientific community complete ongoing projects and deposit their data back into the study.
In addition to contributing towards discovering common disease loci, a fully genotyped cohort will also generate countless new opportunities, such as genetic risk stratification using polygenic risk scores and risk prediction models that integrate genetic and environmental risk factors.
As this cohort-wide effort provides a unique opportunity to generate a resource of DNA samples extracted by the same platform at the same time, which will be useful for future investigations of markers sensitive to DNA extraction method (e.g., telomere length, methylation, microbiome), we will also extract eligible DNA samples for about 11,000 participants with valid GWAS data who will not be re-genotyped.
1. Genotype all participants in PLCO with genetic consent, an available source of DNA, and who don’t have a recent GWAS scan
2. Discover common susceptibility alleles related to cancer, other diseases, phenotypes, and biochemical measures
3. Examine gene-environment interactions and perform Mendelian randomization studies
4. Identify and characterize participants with genetic mosaicism
5. Create a harmonized and imputed genomic dataset that can be leveraged by the scientific community
6. Evaluate the impact of genetic risk stratification using polygenic risk scores on screening trial results
7. Generate risk prediction models that integrate information on genetic and environmental risk factors
Neal Freedman (NCI)
Stephen Chanock (NCI)
Wen-Yi Huang (NCI)
Mitchell Machiela (NCI)
- Genotyping participants in PLCO who now have a DNA source because of the additional buccal collection.
- A pilot study of ONT adaptative sequencing of the X chromosome using residual DNA samples (up to1000 ng) from 10 mosaic loss of X cases
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Associations of self-identified race and ethnicity and genetic ancestry with mortality among cancer survivors.
Vo JB , Brown DW , Buller ID , Shing JZ , Synnott N , Jones RR , Landi MT , Huang WY , Machiela MJ , Berrington De Gonzalez A , Nolan TS , Kraft P , Williams F , Freedman ND
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2025 Mar 20 PUBMED -
Estimation of mosaic loss of Y chromosome cell fraction with genotyping arrays lacking coverage in the pseudoautosomal region.
Zhou W, Huang WY, Freedman ND, Machiela M
BMC Bioinformatics. 2025 Feb 19; Volume 26 (Issue 1): Pages 60 PUBMED -
Vitamin D binding protein genetic isoforms, serum vitamin D, and cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial.
Weinstein SJ, Parisi D, Mondul AM, Layne TM, Huang J, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Ziegler RG, Purdue MP, Huang WY, Abnet CC, Freedman ND, Yu K, Albanes D
PLoS One. 2024; Volume 19 (Issue 12): Pages e0315252 PUBMED -
Author Correction: Genetic drivers and cellular selection of female mosaic X chromosome loss.
Liu A, Genovese G, Zhao Y, Pirinen M, Zekavat SM, Kentistou KA, Yang Z, Yu K, Vlasschaert C, Liu X, Brown DW, Hudjashov G, Gorman BR, Dennis J, Zhou W, Momozawa Y, Pyarajan S, Tuzov V, Pajuste FD, Aavikko M, ...show more Sipilä TP, Ghazal A, Huang WY, Freedman ND, Song L, Gardner EJ, FinnGen, Estonian Biobank Research Team, Breast Cancer Association Consortium, Million Veteran Program, Sankaran VG, Palotie A, Ollila HM, Tukiainen T, Chanock SJ, Mägi R, Natarajan P, Daly MJ, Bick A, McCarroll SA, Terao C, Loh PR, Ganna A, Perry JRB, Machiela MJ
Nature. 2024 Dec; Volume 636 (Issue 8043): Pages E7 PUBMED -
Evaluating the Use of Environmental and Polygenic Risk Scores to Inform Colorectal Cancer Risk-Based Surveillance Intervals.
Landy R, Katki HA, Huang WY, Wang D, Thomas M, Qu F, Freedman ND, Loftfield E, Shi J, Peters U, Hsu L, Schoen RE, Berndt SI
Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2024 Dec 1; Volume 15 (Issue 12): Pages e00782 PUBMED -
Transcriptome- and proteome-wide association studies identify genes associated with renal cell carcinoma.
Dutta D, Guo X, Winter TD, Jahagirdar O, Renal Cancer Genetics Consortium, Ha E, Susztak K, Machiela MJ, Chanock SJ, Purdue MP
Am J Hum Genet. 2024 Sep 5; Volume 111 (Issue 9): Pages 1864-1876 PUBMED -
Genetic drivers and cellular selection of female mosaic X chromosome loss.
Liu A, Genovese G, Zhao Y, Pirinen M, Zekavat SM, Kentistou KA, Yang Z, Yu K, Vlasschaert C, Liu X, Brown DW, Hudjashov G, Gorman BR, Dennis J, Zhou W, Momozawa Y, Pyarajan S, Tuzov V, Pajuste FD, Aavikko M, ...show more Sipilä TP, Ghazal A, Huang WY, Freedman ND, Song L, Gardner EJ, FinnGen, Estonian Biobank Research Team, Breast Cancer Association Consortium, Million Veteran Program, Sankaran VG, Palotie A, Ollila HM, Tukiainen T, Chanock SJ, Mägi R, Natarajan P, Daly MJ, Bick A, McCarroll SA, Terao C, Loh PR, Ganna A, Perry JRB, Machiela MJ
Nature. 2024 Jul; Volume 631 (Issue 8019): Pages 134-141 PUBMED -
Transcriptome-wide association analysis identifies candidate susceptibility genes for prostate-specific antigen levels in men without prostate cancer.
Chen DM, Dong R, Kachuri L, Hoffmann TJ, Jiang Y, Berndt SI, Shelley JP, Schaffer KR, Machiela MJ, Freedman ND, Huang WY, Li SA, Lilja H, Justice AC, Madduri RK, Rodriguez AA, Van Den Eeden SK, Chanock SJ, Haiman CA, Conti DV, ...show more Klein RJ, Mosley JD, Witte JS, Graff RE
HGG Adv. 2024 Jul 18; Volume 5 (Issue 3): Pages 100315 PUBMED -
Age at lung cancer diagnosis in females versus males who never smoke by race and ethnicity.
Blechter B, Wong JYY, Chien LH, Shiraishi K, Shu XO, Cai Q, Zheng W, Ji BT, Hu W, Rahman ML, Jiang HF, Tsai FY, Huang WY, Gao YT, Han X, Steinwandel MD, Yang G, Daida YG, Liang SY, Gomez SL, ...show more DeRouen MC, Diver WR, Reddy AG, Patel AV, Le Marchand L, Haiman C, Kohno T, Cheng I, Chang IS, Hsiung CA, Rothman N, Lan Q
Br J Cancer. 2024 May; Volume 130 (Issue 8): Pages 1286-1294 PUBMED -
Genetically Determined Circulating Lactase/Phlorizin Hydrolase Concentrations and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.
Han S , Yao J , Yamazaki H , Streicher SA , Rao J , Nianogo RA , Zhang Z , Huang BZ
Nutrients. 2024 Mar 12; Volume 16 (Issue 6) PUBMED -
Genetically adjusted PSA levels for prostate cancer screening.
Kachuri L, Hoffmann TJ, Jiang Y, Berndt SI, Shelley JP, Schaffer KR, Machiela MJ, Freedman ND, Huang WY, Li SA, Easterlin R, Goodman PJ, Till C, Thompson I, Lilja H, Van Den Eeden SK, Chanock SJ, Haiman CA, Conti DV, Klein RJ, ...show more Mosley JD, Graff RE, Witte JS
Nat Med. 2023 Jun; Volume 29 (Issue 6): Pages 1412-1423 PUBMED -
Genome-wide analyses characterize shared heritability among cancers and identify novel cancer susceptibility regions.
Lindström S, Wang L, Feng H, Majumdar A, Huo S, Macdonald J, Harrison T, Turman C, Chen H, Mancuso N, Bammler T, Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC), Gallinger S, Gruber SB, Gunter MJ, Le Marchand L, Moreno V, Offit K, Colorectal Transdisciplinary Study (CORECT), Colon Cancer Family Registry Study (CCFR), Genetics And Epidemiology Of Colorectal Cancer Consortium (GECCO), De Vivo I, ...show more O'Mara TA, Spurdle AB, Tomlinson I, Endometrial Cancer Association Consortium (ECAC), Fitzgerald R, Gharahkhani P, Gockel I, Jankowski J, Macgregor S, Schumacher J, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Bondy ML, Houlston RS, Jenkins RB, Melin B, Wrensch M, Brennan P, Christiani DC, Johansson M, Mckay J, Aldrich MC, Amos CI, Landi MT, Tardon A, International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO), Bishop DT, Demenais F, Goldstein AM, Iles MM, Kanetsky PA, Law MH, Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC), Amundadottir LT, Stolzenberg-Solomon R, Wolpin BM, Pancreatic Cancer Cohort Consortium (Panscan), Klein A, Petersen G, Risch H, Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (Panc4), The PRACTICAL Consortium, Chanock SJ, Purdue MP, Scelo G, Pharoah P, Kar S, Hung RJ, Pasaniuc B, Kraft P
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2023 Jun 8; Volume 115 (Issue 6): Pages 712-732 PUBMED -
GWAS Explorer: an open-source tool to explore, visualize, and access GWAS summary statistics in the PLCO Atlas.
Machiela MJ, Huang WY, Wong W, Berndt SI, Sampson J, De Almeida J, Abubakar M, Hislop J, Chen KL, Dagnall C, Diaz-Mayoral N, Ferrell M, Furr M, Gonzalez A, Hicks B, Hubbard AK, Hutchinson A, Jiang K, Jones K, Liu J, ...show more Loftfield E, Loukissas J, Mabie J, Merkle S, Miller E, Minasian LM, Nordgren E, Park B, Pinsky P, Riley T, Sandoval L, Saxena N, Vogt A, Wang J, Williams C, Wright P, Yeager M, Zhu B, Zhu C, Chanock SJ, Garcia-Closas M, Freedman ND
Sci Data. 2023 Jan 12; Volume 10 (Issue 1): Pages 25 PUBMED -
PLCOjs, a FAIR GWAS web SDK for the NCI Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Genetic Atlas project.
Ruan E , Nemeth E , Moffitt R , Sandoval L , Machiela MJ , Freedman ND , Huang WY , Wong W , Chen KL , Park B , Jiang K , Hicks B , Liu J , Russ D , Minasian L , Pinsky P , Chanock SJ , Garcia-Closas M , Almeida JS
Bioinformatics. 2022 Jul 28 PUBMED