The association between fatherhood and prostate cancer incidence and mortality
Principal Investigator
Name
Michael Cook
Degrees
Ph.D.
Institution
National Cancer Institute / NIH
Position Title
Investigator
Email
About this CDAS Project
Study
PLCO
(Learn more about this study)
Project ID
PLCO-197
Initial CDAS Request Approval
Mar 25, 2016
Title
The association between fatherhood and prostate cancer incidence and mortality
Summary
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in the United States.(1) Despite notable improvements in survival over the last few decades,(2) prostate cancer still accounts for 9% of cancer deaths among men in the US.(1) Currently, there are few established risk factors for prostate cancer and these include older age, black race, family history of prostate cancer and genetics.(3) Differences between indolent/localized and clinically significant prostate cancer may be due to potential risk factors acting on different biological pathways and an interplay of hormonal, genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.(4)
It is hypothesized that fertility status may be associated with risk of prostate cancer due to differences in androgen, as androgens are a requirement for prostate development and are thought to be influential for prostate cancer development however evidence is inconclusive.(5,6) Infertile men tend to have lower serum levels of androgens, and it is hypothesized that childlessness (due to male infertility) may be a surrogate for long-term low androgen exposure. Yet, previous studies on the association between fatherhood status and risk of prostate cancer have yielded inconsistent results. (7,8)
Given the need for more investigation into risk factors for aggressive forms of prostate cancer, we propose to assess fatherhood status in a pooled analysis of the PLCO and AARP. This associatian has been previously studied in the AARP in 2008 (8), yet aggressive and metastatic prostate cancer was not examined, and newly available extended follow-up with allow a better examination of fatal prostate cancer as will the inclusion of fatal cases form the PLCO. Offspring status was captured on the baseline questionnaire in the AARP and on the supplemental questionnaire in the PLCO. Cox regression will be used to produce Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals to estimate the association between offspring status and prostate cancer incidence (by prognostic subtype) and mortality, while adjusting for socio-demographic, lifestyle and medical characteristics.
References
1. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin 65(1):5-29, 2015
2. Jemal A, Ward E, Thun M. Declining Death Rates Reflect Progress against Cancer. Plos One 5(3), 2010
3. Attard G, Parker C, Eeles RA, et al: Prostate cancer. Lancet, 2015
4. Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Platz EA, et al: Risk factors for prostate cancer incidence and progression in the health professionals follow-up study. International Journal of Cancer 121:1571-1578, 2007
5. McNeal JE: Origin and development of carcinoma in the prostate. Cancer 23:24-34, 1969
6. Roddam AW, Allen NE, Appleby P, et al: Endogenous sex hormones and prostate cancer: A collaborative analysis of 18 prospective studies. Journal of the National Cancer Institute (3):170-83, 2008
7. Mao Y, Xu X, Zheng X, et al: Reduced risk of prostate cancer in childless men as compared to fathers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 6:19210, 2016
8. Eisenberg ML, Park Y, Brinton LA, et al: Fatherhood and incident prostate cancer in a prospective US cohort. Int J Epidemiol 40:480-7, 2011
It is hypothesized that fertility status may be associated with risk of prostate cancer due to differences in androgen, as androgens are a requirement for prostate development and are thought to be influential for prostate cancer development however evidence is inconclusive.(5,6) Infertile men tend to have lower serum levels of androgens, and it is hypothesized that childlessness (due to male infertility) may be a surrogate for long-term low androgen exposure. Yet, previous studies on the association between fatherhood status and risk of prostate cancer have yielded inconsistent results. (7,8)
Given the need for more investigation into risk factors for aggressive forms of prostate cancer, we propose to assess fatherhood status in a pooled analysis of the PLCO and AARP. This associatian has been previously studied in the AARP in 2008 (8), yet aggressive and metastatic prostate cancer was not examined, and newly available extended follow-up with allow a better examination of fatal prostate cancer as will the inclusion of fatal cases form the PLCO. Offspring status was captured on the baseline questionnaire in the AARP and on the supplemental questionnaire in the PLCO. Cox regression will be used to produce Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals to estimate the association between offspring status and prostate cancer incidence (by prognostic subtype) and mortality, while adjusting for socio-demographic, lifestyle and medical characteristics.
References
1. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin 65(1):5-29, 2015
2. Jemal A, Ward E, Thun M. Declining Death Rates Reflect Progress against Cancer. Plos One 5(3), 2010
3. Attard G, Parker C, Eeles RA, et al: Prostate cancer. Lancet, 2015
4. Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Platz EA, et al: Risk factors for prostate cancer incidence and progression in the health professionals follow-up study. International Journal of Cancer 121:1571-1578, 2007
5. McNeal JE: Origin and development of carcinoma in the prostate. Cancer 23:24-34, 1969
6. Roddam AW, Allen NE, Appleby P, et al: Endogenous sex hormones and prostate cancer: A collaborative analysis of 18 prospective studies. Journal of the National Cancer Institute (3):170-83, 2008
7. Mao Y, Xu X, Zheng X, et al: Reduced risk of prostate cancer in childless men as compared to fathers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 6:19210, 2016
8. Eisenberg ML, Park Y, Brinton LA, et al: Fatherhood and incident prostate cancer in a prospective US cohort. Int J Epidemiol 40:480-7, 2011
Aims
The primary aim of this study is to determine whether offspring status (as a surrogate of fertility) is related to the development of incident prostate cancer (by subtype) and cause-specific mortality.
Collaborators
Michael B. Cook, Ph.D., Investigator, DCEG/NCI/NIH
Cindy Ke Zhou, Ph.D., Postdoc, DCEG/NCI/NIH
Related Publications
-
Fatherhood status in relation to prostate cancer risks in two large U.S.-based prospective cohort studies.
Geczik AM, Kelly SP, Pfeiffer RM, Huang WY, Liao LM, Zhou CK, Brinton LA, Cook MB
Cancer Med. 2020 Nov 21 PUBMED