Associations between magnesium-rich diet and cardiovascular disease mortality: A prospective cohort study
Principal Investigator
Name
Lifu Lei
Degrees
Dr
Institution
The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
Position Title
Registered Dietitian
Email
About this CDAS Project
Study
PLCO
(Learn more about this study)
Project ID
PLCO-1846
Initial CDAS Request Approval
Mar 12, 2025
Title
Associations between magnesium-rich diet and cardiovascular disease mortality: A prospective cohort study
Summary
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), mainly ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, is the leading cause of death worldwide and a leading cause of disability. The global prevalence of CVD nearly doubled from 1993 to 2019 and is projected to continue to increase through 2024 [1].
Many studies have shown that low serum magnesium (Mg) concentrations are associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality [2,3]. Serum magnesium may be affected by aging, drug use, and dietary intake [4]. Past studies of dietary magnesium, including meta-analyses, have been inconsistent, showing some associations with cardiovascular risk factors, but not incident cardiovascular disease mortality [5,6]. Dietary patterns, as a more comprehensive assessment of dietary intake, tend to show consistent negative correlations with chronic disease outcomes, possibly due to synergistic effects of various food combinations [7]. To date, no studies have investigated the association between magnesium-rich dietary patterns and CVD mortality. To address these knowledge gaps, we conducted this study to explore the potential association between magnesium-rich diet and mortality from CVD, in a large US population from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) cohort.
References
1. GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396(10258):1223-1249.
2. Rooney MR, Alonso A, Folsom AR, et al. Serum magnesium and the incidence of coronary artery disease over a median 27 years of follow-up in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study and a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020;111(1):52-60.
3. Reffelmann T, Ittermann T, Dörr M, et al. Low serum magnesium concentrations predict cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Atherosclerosis. 2011;219(1):280-284.
4. Zimmerman M, Snow B. An introduction to nutrition: Independent; 2012. https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/textbooks/711.
5. Bagheri A, Naghshi S, Sadeghi O, Larijani B, Esmaillzadeh A. Total, Dietary, and Supplemental Magnesium Intakes and Risk of All-Cause, Cardiovascular, and Cancer Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Adv Nutr. 2021;12(4):1196-1210.
6. Fang X, Liang C, Li M, et al. Dose-response relationship between dietary magnesium intake and cardiovascular mortality: A systematic review and dose-based meta-regression analysis of prospective studies. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2016;38:64-73.
7. Jacobs DR Jr, Steffen LM. Nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns as exposures in research: a framework for food synergy. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78(3 Suppl):508S-513S.
Many studies have shown that low serum magnesium (Mg) concentrations are associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality [2,3]. Serum magnesium may be affected by aging, drug use, and dietary intake [4]. Past studies of dietary magnesium, including meta-analyses, have been inconsistent, showing some associations with cardiovascular risk factors, but not incident cardiovascular disease mortality [5,6]. Dietary patterns, as a more comprehensive assessment of dietary intake, tend to show consistent negative correlations with chronic disease outcomes, possibly due to synergistic effects of various food combinations [7]. To date, no studies have investigated the association between magnesium-rich dietary patterns and CVD mortality. To address these knowledge gaps, we conducted this study to explore the potential association between magnesium-rich diet and mortality from CVD, in a large US population from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) cohort.
References
1. GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396(10258):1223-1249.
2. Rooney MR, Alonso A, Folsom AR, et al. Serum magnesium and the incidence of coronary artery disease over a median 27 years of follow-up in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study and a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020;111(1):52-60.
3. Reffelmann T, Ittermann T, Dörr M, et al. Low serum magnesium concentrations predict cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Atherosclerosis. 2011;219(1):280-284.
4. Zimmerman M, Snow B. An introduction to nutrition: Independent; 2012. https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/textbooks/711.
5. Bagheri A, Naghshi S, Sadeghi O, Larijani B, Esmaillzadeh A. Total, Dietary, and Supplemental Magnesium Intakes and Risk of All-Cause, Cardiovascular, and Cancer Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Adv Nutr. 2021;12(4):1196-1210.
6. Fang X, Liang C, Li M, et al. Dose-response relationship between dietary magnesium intake and cardiovascular mortality: A systematic review and dose-based meta-regression analysis of prospective studies. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2016;38:64-73.
7. Jacobs DR Jr, Steffen LM. Nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns as exposures in research: a framework for food synergy. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78(3 Suppl):508S-513S.
Aims
Aim: Our purpose is to explore the association between magnesium-rich diet and mortality from CVD in the US population using the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) cohort. Additionally, we aim to examine the potential dose-response relationship between the magnesium-rich diet score and mortality from CVD.
Collaborators
Yushi Chen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University;
Yu Sun, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University;
Xuanmei Li, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.