Different diets and the risk of lung cancer: a large prospective multicenter study
Principal Investigator
Name
Yingxian Dong
Degrees
Ph.D.
Institution
West China hospital of Sichuan University
Position Title
Dr.
Email
About this CDAS Project
Study
PLCO
(Learn more about this study)
Project ID
PLCO-1566
Initial CDAS Request Approval
May 29, 2024
Title
Different diets and the risk of lung cancer: a large prospective multicenter study
Summary
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, with over 2 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths reported in 2020 [1]. Cigarette smoking is the primary risk factor for lung cancer, but lung cancer development and progression also involve multiple other factors including genetics, environmental exposures, and diet [2–4]. Given the high disease burden of lung cancer, identifying potentially modifiable risk factors such as dietary factors could inform prevention efforts and provide new avenues for risk reduction.
Recent studies have examined associations between specific dietary components and lung cancer risk. An analysis of the UK Biobank showed higher lung cancer risk with consumption of red and processed meats and a Western diet pattern, while fruits, vegetables, and fiber were associated with lower risk [5]. A large European cohort study identified correlations between intake of 92 dietary factors and lung cancer risk. Higher consumption of fiber, vitamin C, and fruits was linked to lower risk, while higher intake of retinol, offal, and beer/cider was associated with higher risk [6]. In summary, current evidence indicates low-fat foods high in fruits and fibers may be protective against lung cancer, while high-fat foods like red and processed meats appear to increase lung cancer risk.
However, the direct association between different dietary patterns as a whole and lung cancer risk has not yet been fully explored. To bridge this knowledge gap, we want to conduct this prospective study using data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial.
References
[1] Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global cancerstatistics 2020:GLOBOCAN estimates ofincidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2021;71(3):209–49, doi:http://dx.doi. org/10.3322/caac.21660.
[2] Barta JA, Powell CA, Wisnivesky JP. Global epidemiology of lung cancer. Ann Glob Health. 2019;85(1):8, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2419.
[3] Malhotra J, Malvezzi M, Negri E, La Vecchia C, Boffetta P. Risk factors for lung cancer worldwide. Eur Respir J. 2016;48(3):889–902, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/ 13993003.00359-2016.
[4] Nigro E, Perrotta F, Scialo F, D’Agnano V, Mallardo M, Bianco A, et al. Food, nutrition, physical activity and microbiota: which impact on lung cancer? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(5):2399, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052399.
[5] Wei X, Zhu C, Ji M, Fan J, Xie J, Huang Y, et al. Diet and risk of incident lung cancer: a large prospective cohort study in UK biobank. Am J Clin Nutr. 2021;114(6):2043–51, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab298.
[6] Heath AK, Muller DC, van den Brandt PA, Critselis E, Gunter M, Vineis P, et al. Dietwide association Study of 92 foods and nutrients and lung Cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Study and the Netherlands Cohort Study. Int J Cancer 2022;151(11):1935–46, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ ijc.34211.
Recent studies have examined associations between specific dietary components and lung cancer risk. An analysis of the UK Biobank showed higher lung cancer risk with consumption of red and processed meats and a Western diet pattern, while fruits, vegetables, and fiber were associated with lower risk [5]. A large European cohort study identified correlations between intake of 92 dietary factors and lung cancer risk. Higher consumption of fiber, vitamin C, and fruits was linked to lower risk, while higher intake of retinol, offal, and beer/cider was associated with higher risk [6]. In summary, current evidence indicates low-fat foods high in fruits and fibers may be protective against lung cancer, while high-fat foods like red and processed meats appear to increase lung cancer risk.
However, the direct association between different dietary patterns as a whole and lung cancer risk has not yet been fully explored. To bridge this knowledge gap, we want to conduct this prospective study using data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial.
References
[1] Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global cancerstatistics 2020:GLOBOCAN estimates ofincidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2021;71(3):209–49, doi:http://dx.doi. org/10.3322/caac.21660.
[2] Barta JA, Powell CA, Wisnivesky JP. Global epidemiology of lung cancer. Ann Glob Health. 2019;85(1):8, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2419.
[3] Malhotra J, Malvezzi M, Negri E, La Vecchia C, Boffetta P. Risk factors for lung cancer worldwide. Eur Respir J. 2016;48(3):889–902, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/ 13993003.00359-2016.
[4] Nigro E, Perrotta F, Scialo F, D’Agnano V, Mallardo M, Bianco A, et al. Food, nutrition, physical activity and microbiota: which impact on lung cancer? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(5):2399, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052399.
[5] Wei X, Zhu C, Ji M, Fan J, Xie J, Huang Y, et al. Diet and risk of incident lung cancer: a large prospective cohort study in UK biobank. Am J Clin Nutr. 2021;114(6):2043–51, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab298.
[6] Heath AK, Muller DC, van den Brandt PA, Critselis E, Gunter M, Vineis P, et al. Dietwide association Study of 92 foods and nutrients and lung Cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Study and the Netherlands Cohort Study. Int J Cancer 2022;151(11):1935–46, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ ijc.34211.
Aims
The direct association between different dietary patterns as a whole and lung cancer risk has not yet been fully explored. To bridge this knowledge gap, we want to conduct this prospective study using data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial.
Collaborators
Jue Li， West China Hospital, Sichuan University