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Associations of Dietary Factors with Risk of Chronic Disease and Mortality

Principal Investigator
Name
Jiaqi Huang
Degrees
PhD
Institution
The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
Position Title
Associate Professor
Email
About this CDAS Project
Study
PLCO (Learn more about this study)
Project ID
PLCO-1131
Initial CDAS Request Approval
Dec 19, 2022
Title
Associations of Dietary Factors with Risk of Chronic Disease and Mortality
Summary
Long-standing interest has been put on the health effects of nutritional factors through biological mechanisms involved in pathways including ROS, hormones, inflammation, energy metabolism, gene expression regulation, immunity, and cell cycle/proliferation. Nutritional factors have played important roles in noncommunicable diseases including diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular diseases, which may account for over 70% of all deaths worldwide. In addition to the role of individual food items, analysis of dietary patterns has gained increasing importance because specific nutrients are consumed across a wide range of foods and complex food components can have competing biological effects. Therefore, integrated analyses of dietary patterns that reflect more diverse and multi-dimensional nutritional compositions are needed to relate to long-term health outcomes and facilitate translational dietary recommendations. In addition, interactions between genetic variation in nutritional metabolism and dietary factors have been shown for risk of chronic diseases including cancer that deserve greater attention.
The role of diet and vitamin and micronutrient supplements has been the focus of chronic disease etiologic and prevention research for decades through prospective cohorts, nested case-control biochemical studies, and controlled vitamin supplementation trials. In the field of cancer for example, there has been interest in whether and how vitamin D impacts risk and survival. In addition, how genetic variation (genetic data will be requested separately) modifies nutritional and biochemical metabolism and influences vitamin supplementation effects on chronic disease and its prognosis remain largely unknown.
Aims

1) Examine associations of Healthy Eating Patterns, single nutritional factors and dietary supplement use with risk of overall and cause-specific mortality;
2) Assess whether genetic variants associated with nutritional and biochemical metabolism can modify the associations of Healthy Eating Patterns, single nutritional factors and dietary supplement use with risk of overall and cause-specific mortality.
3) Study whether key lifestyle risk factors, lifestyle risk factor scores and racial/ethnic groups can modify the associations of Healthy Eating Patterns, single nutritional factors and dietary supplement use with risk of overall and cause-specific mortality.

Collaborators

Demetrius Albanes, NCI/DCEG/MEB, albanesd@mail.nih.gov
Stephanie J. Weinstein, NCI/DCEG/MEB, weinstes@mail.nih.gov