• Department of the Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China.
• West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
• Department of Breast Surgery, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, 400000 China.
• The First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007 China.
• Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
• Division of Biostatistics and Data Science, Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA.
• Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
• Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden.
• Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Inflammation-modulating nutrients and inflammatory markers are established cancer risk factors, however, evidence regarding the association between post-diagnosis diet-associated inflammation and breast cancer survival is relatively sparse. We aimed to examine the association between post-diagnosis dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and risks of all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality. A total of 1064 female breast cancer survivors in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening (PLCO) Trial prospective cohort, were included in this analysis if they had completed the diet history questionnaire (DHQ). Energy-adjusted DII (E-DII^TM) scores were calculated based on food and supplement intake. Cox regression and competing risk models were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) by E-DII tertile (T) for all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality. With median follow-up of 14.6 years, there were 296 (27.8%) deaths from all causes and 100 (9.4%) breast cancer-specific death. The E-DII was associated with all-cause mortality (HR T3 vs T1, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.01-1.81; P_trend, 0.049, Table 2) and breast cancer mortality (HR T3 vs T1, 1.47; 95% CI, 0.89-2.43; P_trend, 0.13; multivariable-adjusted HR for 1-unit increment: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.00-1.22). Non-linear positive dose-response associations with mortality from all causes were identified for E-DII scores (P_{non-linearity} < 0.05). The post-diagnosis E-DII was statistically significantly associated with mortality risk among breast cancer survivors. Long-term anti-inflammatory diet might be a means of improving survival of breast cancer survivors.